Rabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease. It can spread to people and pets if they are bitten or scratched by a rabid animal. In the United States, rabies is mostly found in wild animals like bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes. However, in many other countries dogs still carry rabies, and most rabies deaths in people around the world are caused by dog bites.
The rabies virus infects the central nervous system. If a person does not receive the appropriate medical care after a potential rabies exposure, the virus can cause disease in the brain, ultimately resulting in death. Rabies can be prevented by vaccinating pets, staying away from wildlife, and seeking medical care after potential exposures before symptoms start.
The primary reservoirs of the rabies virus in Wisconsin are bats and skunks. Domestic animals almost always become infected from exposure to these wildlife reservoirs. Historically, skunks have been the predominant species infected by rabies, but for the past decade, the number of positive bats has exceeded that of skunks. The last four cases of human rabies in Wisconsin occurred in 1959, 2000, 2004, and 2010. All four persons contracted the disease from bats.
Steps to take after an animal bite or saliva exposure
- Wash the wound immediately with soap and running water for 10-15 minutes.
- Contact law enforcement to ensure that the biting animal is appropriately and legally observed for rabies.
- Contact a physician promptly, even for minor wounds.
- It is vital not to release or destroy a biting animal until an animal control officer is consulted.
- If the bite is from a wild or stray animal, DO NOT try and capture the animal unless you are sure you can do so without incurring injury.
- If an animal suspected of having rabies cannot be observed or tested, or if it tests positive for rabies, treatment of the individual with rabies immune globulin and the vaccine series must begin immediately.
If you have an animal that needs to be tested for rabies, call Columbia County Health Department at 608-742-9227 or your veterinarian.